Introduction to Groovy
Introduction
Groovy is a dynamic object-oriented programming language that runs on the Java Virtual Machine. It was designed to be an easy-to-learn language that supports scripting and rapid application development. Groovy is often used for scripting in build systems like Gradle and for automation of tasks in various Java applications.
Installing Groovy on Windows
Installing Groovy on Windows is a straightforward process. Here are the steps:
- Download the latest version of Groovy from the official website.
- Extract the contents of the downloaded file to a directory of your choice.
- Set the GROOVY_HOME environment variable to the directory where you extracted Groovy.
- Add the %GROOVY_HOME%\bin directory to your PATH environment variable.
Installing Groovy on macOS
Installing Groovy on macOS is also an easy process. Here are the steps:
- Install Homebrew if you haven’t already. Homebrew is a package manager for macOS that simplifies the installation of software.
- Open Terminal and run the command
brew install groovy
. - Wait for the installation to complete.
Installing Groovy on Linux
Installing Groovy on Linux varies depending on the distribution you are using. In general, you can use the package manager of your distribution to install Groovy. Here are the steps for Ubuntu:
- Open Terminal and run the command
sudo apt-get update
. - Run the command
sudo apt-get install groovy
. - Wait for the installation to complete.
Groovy Script Examples
Example 1: Hello World
One of the simplest Groovy scripts you can write is the famous “Hello World” program. Here’s the code:
println "Hello, World!"
This script will print “Hello, World!” to the console when executed.
Example 2: File Manipulation
Another common use case for Groovy scripts is file manipulation. Here’s an example that reads a file and prints its contents to the console:
def file = new File('/path/to/file.txt')
file.eachLine { line ->
println line
}
This script creates a new File
object and reads each line of the file using the eachLine
method. It then prints each line to the console.
Example 3: Web Scraping
Groovy makes web scraping easy with its built-in support for XML and HTML parsing. Here’s an example that scrapes the titles of the top 10 posts on the front page of Reddit:
@Grab('org.jsoup:jsoup:1.14.1')
import org.jsoup.Jsoup
def doc = Jsoup.connect('<https://www.reddit.com/>').get()
doc.select('.scrollerItem').each { post ->
def title = post.select('.Post__title').text()
println title
}
This script uses the jsoup
library to connect to the Reddit homepage and parse the HTML. It then selects each post on the page and extracts its title using CSS selectors.
Conclusion
Groovy is a powerful language for scripting and automation. Its simplicity and integration with the Java ecosystem make it a popular choice for developers. These examples only scratch the surface of what’s possible with Groovy, so if you’re interested, I encourage you to explore the language further. Happy scripting!
Reference
Modern Programming Made Easy: Using Java, Scala, Groovy, and JavaScript
(Adam L. Davis)https://groovy-lang.org/
https://www.cheat-sheets.org/saved-copy/rc015-groovy_online.pdf
https://onecompiler.com/cheatsheets/groovy